Hydropower, known as “水力発電” (sui-ryoku-hatsu-den) in Japanese, has been a cornerstone of Japan’s energy landscape for over a century, driving the nation’s industrialization and economic growth. As the world increasingly embraces renewable energy to combat climate change, Japan continues to harness its abundant water resources, advancing its hydropower sector.
A Century of Innovation and Progress
Japan’s journey with electricity began in the late 19th century, closely following global advancements. In 1878, electricity was first introduced in Japan with the illumination of an arc lamp at the Institute of Technology in Tokyo. This event marked the dawn of Japan’s electric age, and the country quickly embraced the new technology. By the 1880s, electric lighting was a common sight in Tokyo, with private companies like Tokyo Electric Lighting leading the charge. The introduction of AC generators in 1889 further fuelled the nation’s electrification.
The early 20th century saw Japan rapidly expanding its electric infrastructure. By 1914, the supply of electricity had surpassed demand, and hydropower began to outpace steam power for industrial use. The industry consolidated after World War I, with numerous utility companies merging into five major entities. However, it was during World War II that the industry came under state control, forming the foundation for Japan’s modern electric power system.
Post-War Rebuilding and Liberalization
After World War II, Japan’s electric utility industry was restructured, creating nine regional companies that continue to operate today. The return of Okinawa in 1972 added a tenth member to this group. The 1990s brought gradual liberalization, allowing independent power producers to enter the market and expanding retail electricity access.
The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, which led to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station disaster, was a turning point. It prompted significant reforms aimed at stabilizing the power supply and reducing energy costs, culminating in full retail liberalization in 2016.
A Vision for the Future
In October 2020, Japan committed to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, with a mid-term goal of reducing emissions by 46% from 2013 levels by 2030. The “Green Growth Strategy,” introduced in June 2021, outlines the path to these ambitious targets. This strategy focuses on fostering innovation in key sectors, including renewable energy and hydropower, supported by the Green Innovation Fund, a 2 trillion yen initiative aimed at driving green projects over the next decade.
Japan’s enduring commitment to hydropower and renewable energy underscores its role as a leader in sustainable development, paving the way for a greener future while maintaining its economic vitality.
