What is a Non-Firm Connection?
A non-firm connection refers to a method of integrating new power sources into the electric grid by utilizing the available capacity of transmission and transformation facilities, rather than relying solely on fixed capacities. Traditional power sources connected to the grid operate according to demand and weather conditions (such as sunlight or wind), meaning that the full capacity of transmission equipment is not always utilized. In a non-firm connection, even during normal operations without accidents or failures in the transmission system, output control is exercised in accordance with the available capacity of the transmission facilities.
The conventional connection method, which ensures the necessary capacity for generation during normal operations, is referred to as a firm connection. Conversely, a connection method that does not guarantee the necessary capacity is termed a non-firm connection.
Implementation Status of Non-Firm Connections
The application of non-firm connections commenced on January 13, 2021. Under this framework, any power source wishing to connect to a transmission grid with no available capacity, as well as local and distribution systems connected to that primary grid, will be treated as a non-firm connection for system access purposes.
Primary systems are defined as transmission and transformation facilities at the two highest voltage levels. The areas where non-firm connections are currently applied can be accessed through specific links provided by energy authorities.
Expanding the Applicability of Non-Firm Connections
Historically, primary systems without available capacity were designated as applicable for non-firm connections. This meant that power sources of 10 kW or more seeking to connect to those systems and their associated local and distribution systems would be treated as non-firm connections. Recently, a national advisory council decided to extend the criteria for non-firm connection eligibility. If a connection request involves power sources at a voltage level corresponding to the primary system, even if there is available capacity, it will still be treated as a non-firm connection.
Consequently, beginning April 1, 2022, connection requests for systems at primary voltage levels will be treated as non-firm connections, regardless of the available capacity of the primary system.
Further Expansion of Non-Firm Connections
The structure of non-firm connections, which entails output control during grid congestion, has been expanded to include additional power sources. The criteria for non-firm connections now encompass:
- Power sources connecting to primary systems without available capacity, excluding low voltage systems under 10 kW.
- Power sources with available capacity in primary systems that correspond to the voltage level of those systems.
As of February 1, 2023, any power source submitting connection request documentation and any power sources accepted for connection inquiries after April 1, 2023 (again, excluding low voltage systems under 10 kW), will be treated as applicable for non-firm connections.
For operators considering firm connections, it is important to be aware of the applicable conditions and the time required for the submission and acceptance of connection inquiry documents. Therefore, it is recommended to allow for sufficient time when making applications.
Understanding the Non-Firm Connection Agreement
In areas where non-firm connections apply, agreeing to the condition that “generation output will be controlled during grid congestion” allows for the connection of new generation facilities. This agreement serves as a formal acknowledgment of the operational limitations imposed during times of high demand or congestion.
Types of Non-Firm Connection Agreements
- Agreement for Power Supply Contracts: This form requires power suppliers to acknowledge the conditions set forth regarding output control during peak times.
- Agreement for Generation Adjustment Supply Contracts: This type of agreement specifically addresses the management of generation output in relation to grid capacity and congestion management strategies.
Conclusion
Non-firm connections represent a significant evolution in the way power sources can be integrated into the electric grid. By leveraging available capacity and implementing output controls, non-firm connections provide a flexible solution to the challenges posed by fluctuating demand and variable generation from renewable sources.
As energy markets continue to evolve, understanding the implications of non-firm connections is critical for power producers, operators, and regulators. The ongoing expansion of non-firm connection eligibility signals a commitment to enhancing grid resilience and accommodating the growing share of renewable energy in the energy mix.
By engaging with the non-firm connection framework, stakeholders can ensure a more sustainable and adaptable energy landscape, ultimately leading to a more reliable power supply and a reduced carbon footprint. As such, both new and existing power sources must navigate the evolving regulatory environment to align with these new operational standards, ensuring a smooth transition to a greener energy future.
